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Werner's coordination theory

  The important postulates of Werner's theory of coordination compound are: 1. Metals possess two different sports of valency:  primary or ionizable valency and secondary or non-ionizable valency. 2. The central metal atom has a fixed number of secondary valencies (that is the coordination number), e.g., Co (lll) or Pt-(lV) have six secondary valencies while Cu (ll) or Pd (ll) have four secondary valencies. 3 . Primary valencies are satisfied by only -ve ions while secondary valencies may be satisfied by -ve ions or neutral molecules. 4 . Having established the number of secondary valencies, Werner attempted to find the shape of the complex. For example, six secondary valencies, are directed towards the corners of a regular octahedron, four secondary valencies are directed towards the four corners of a square-planar or tetrahedral.
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Disaccharides

 Disaccharides are those carbohydrates which upon hydrolysis produce two molecules of monosaccharides, e.g., sucrose, maltose, etc. 
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Non reducing sugars

 Non reducing sugars are those carbohydrates which cannot reduce Tollen's reagent or Fehling solution, e.g., sucrose. 
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Reducing sugars

 Reducing sugars are those carbohydrates which can reduce Tollen's reagent or Feeling solution e.g., glucose, maltose, etc
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Polysaccharides

 Polysaccharides are those carbohydrates which can be hydrolysed to yield a large number of molecules of monosaccharides e.g., cellulose, starch, etc. 
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Oligosaccharides

 Oligosaccharides are those carbohydrates which can be hydrolysed to yield 2-9 molecules of monosaccharides, e.g., sucrose, matlose, raffinose, etc. 
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Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides are those carbohydrates which  cannot be  hydrolysed  to  smaller molecules.For example, glucose,  fructose, etc. 
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